Smart Rack Server Monitoring System

Gambaran Umum

Sistem ini memantau kondisi fisik server rack secara real-time menggunakan sensor suhu, kelembaban, asap, dan pintu. Ketika terjadi anomali seperti suhu berlebih, kebakaran, atau akses tidak sah, sistem akan memberikan peringatan melalui:

• LED indikator (hijau = normal, merah = bahaya)
• Buzzer alarm
• Notifikasi Telegram
• Kipas pendingin otomatis (jika suhu > threshold)

Kebutuhan Perangkat Keras

• Raspberry Pi 3B+ atau 4 (2GB RAM atau lebih)
• Sensor DHT22 (suhu & kelembaban)
• Sensor MQ-2 (asap/gas mudah terbakar)
• Reed switch + magnet (deteksi pintu rack)
• Kipas DC 5V + transistor NPN (sebagai pendingin otomatis)
• Buzzer aktif 5V
• LED merah & hijau
• Kabel jumper, breadboard, resistor 10kΩ & 220Ω

Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak

• Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit recommended)
• Python 3.9+
• Pustaka Python: Adafruit_DHT, RPi.GPIO, requests, time
• Akun Telegram Bot (untuk notifikasi)

Langkah Instalasi

1. Siapkan Raspberry Pi: Install Raspberry Pi OS, aktifkan SSH dan GPIO.
2. Instal dependensi Python:

   sudo apt update
   sudo apt install python3-pip
   pip3 install Adafruit_DHT RPi.GPIO requests

3. Sambungkan komponen elektronik:
   • DHT22 → GPIO 4
   • MQ-2 → GPIO 17 (analog via MCP3008 opsional, atau gunakan digital out)
   • Reed switch → GPIO 27
   • Kipas → GPIO 22 (via transistor)
   • Buzzer → GPIO 23
   • LED hijau → GPIO 5, LED merah → GPIO 6
4. Buat bot Telegram: Gunakan BotFather, simpan token dan chat ID.
5. Jalankan skrip utama:

   python3 rack_monitor.py

Kode Program Lengkap (rack_monitor.py)

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import requests
import Adafruit_DHT

# Konfigurasi GPIO
DHT_PIN = 4
MQ2_PIN = 17
DOOR_PIN = 27
FAN_PIN = 22
BUZZER_PIN = 23
LED_GREEN = 5
LED_RED = 6

# Telegram
BOT_TOKEN = 'ISI_DENGAN_TOKEN_BOT_ANDA'
CHAT_ID = 'ISI_DENGAN_CHAT_ID_ANDA'

GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup([FAN_PIN, BUZZER_PIN, LED_GREEN, LED_RED], GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup([MQ2_PIN, DOOR_PIN], GPIO.IN)

# Matikan semua output awal
GPIO.output([FAN_PIN, BUZZER_PIN, LED_GREEN, LED_RED], GPIO.LOW)

def send_telegram(msg):
    url = f'https://api.telegram.org/bot{BOT_TOKEN}/sendMessage'
    try:
        requests.post(url, data={'chat_id': CHAT_ID, 'text': msg})
    except:
        pass

def read_dht():
    humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(Adafruit_DHT.DHT22, DHT_PIN)
    return temperature, humidity

def main():
    last_alert_time = 0
    while True:
        # Baca sensor
        temp, hum = read_dht()
        smoke = GPIO.input(MQ2_PIN)  # 1 = asap terdeteksi
        door_open = GPIO.input(DOOR_PIN)  # 1 = pintu terbuka (reed switch terbuka)

        alert_msg = []
        danger = False

        if temp is not None and temp > 35:
            alert_msg.append(f"Suhu tinggi: {temp:.1f}°C")
            danger = True
            GPIO.output(FAN_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)
        else:
            GPIO.output(FAN_PIN, GPIO.LOW)

        if smoke == 1:
            alert_msg.append("⚠️ Asap terdeteksi!")
            danger = True

        if door_open == 1:
            alert_msg.append("🚪 Pintu rack dibuka!")
            danger = True

        # Kontrol LED & buzzer
        if danger:
            GPIO.output(LED_GREEN, GPIO.LOW)
            GPIO.output(LED_RED, GPIO.HIGH)
            GPIO.output(BUZZER_PIN, GPIO.HIGH)
            time.sleep(0.2)
            GPIO.output(BUZZER_PIN, GPIO.LOW)
        else:
            GPIO.output(LED_GREEN, GPIO.HIGH)
            GPIO.output(LED_RED, GPIO.LOW)

        # Kirim notifikasi (max sekali per 60 detik)
        if danger and (time.time() - last_alert_time > 60):
            msg = "🚨 ALERT RACK SERVER:\n" + "\n".join(alert_msg)
            send_telegram(msg)
            last_alert_time = time.time()

        time.sleep(5)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        main()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        GPIO.cleanup()

Diagram Koneksi (Sederhana)

Raspberry Pi ──┬── DHT22 (VCC → 3.3V, GND → GND, DATA → GPIO4)
              ├── MQ-2 (VCC → 5V, GND → GND, DO → GPIO17)
              ├── Reed Switch (GPIO27 ──/ ── GND, dengan pull-up internal)
              ├── Kipas (GPIO22 → Basis transistor → Kipas → 5V)
              ├── Buzzer (GPIO23 → Buzzer → GND)
              ├── LED Hijau (GPIO5 → Resistor 220Ω → LED → GND)
              └── LED Merah (GPIO6 → Resistor 220Ω → LED → GND)